~ Black hole Oh ~ ~ $% ^% & _ Xiaofeng _ faded by magic

Black holes are the magic, the universe has one vulnerability ~ ~! black hole explanation seems very complex! ~ black hole is a gravitational strong celestial bodies that even light cannot escape. When a star of Schild RADIUS small to a certain extent, even vertical surface emitting light cannot escape. When the stars become a black hole. Said it "black", refers to it as the universe of the bottomless pit, any substances once fall into that "seem" will no longer be able to escape. Because of the black hole of light cannot escape, so we cannot directly observed a black hole. However, you can measure it around the role and impact of celestial bodies to indirect observation or speculate that it exists. Extension of Yi, can't get rid of a black hole. Produce a black hole creation process is similar to the generation of neutron stars; the core of a star in the own weight of rapidly shrinking, powerful explosion occurred. When the core all substances become neutron time contraction process stops immediately, compressed into a solid planet. But in the case of a black hole, because of the quality of the stellar core to make the contraction process continues indefinitely, neutron itself in the extrusion of gravitational attraction itself was crushed to powder, remaining is a high density material to unimaginable. Due to the high density and strength , black hole any objects near it are it sucked. Also you can simple understanding: usually stellar initially only hydrogen elements, stars of hydrogen atoms collide with each other at all times, fission, fusion. Due to the stellar quality is high, the fission and fusion produces energy and stars against gravity in order to maintain the stability of the stellar structure. As a result of fission and fusion, hydrogen atom internal structure eventually changed, rupture and composition of the new element �C helium element. Then, the helium atoms is also involved in fission and fusion, change the structure, formation of lithium. So on, in accordance with the order of the periodic table of elements, in turn a beryllium elements, boron, carbon and nitrogen elements, etc. Until the iron elements generate, the stars will collapse. This is due to iron rather stable cannot participate in the fission or fusion, while iron elements exist in the stellar interiors, lead star internal does not have enough energy and quality of the great stars of gravitation, causing stellar collapse, the final formation of a black hole. With white dwarfs and neutron stars, black holes may also be quality is greater than 20 times the solar mass stellar evolution. When a star of aging, it's thermonuclear reaction has been exhausted Center of fuel (hydrogen), produced by the Centre has not much energy. In this way, it's never enough forces to bear the weight of the shell is huge. Therefore the weight of the shell, the core begins to collapse, and eventually formed the volume small, the density of stars, and have the capacity and pressure balance. Material will be unstoppable march toward the center point, until a small, density tends to very large. And when it's RADIUS once shrunk to some degree (must be less than Schild RADIUS), the huge gravitational makes even light cannot shoot out, thus cutting off all the stars and the outside world �� the "black hole" was born. Performance of the star's gravitational field changes the light path, and the original no star cases is not the same as the path. Light cone is a light from the top of the issue in the space-time transmission of the track. Light cone in the stellar surface near to the in partial fold, observe the solar eclipse stars emit light in the distance, you can see this deflection. When the contraction of a star, its surface gravitational field to become very strong, light inwards deflection much, which makes the light from a star escape becomes more difficult. For in the distance of the observer, the light becomes more bleak redder. Finally, when the stars to a critical RADIUS, the surface of the gravitational field has become so strong that makes the light cone to deflection in so many, so that light can escape not out. According to the theory of relativity, nothing will go faster than light also. Thus, if the light is unable to escape, other things even more impossible to escape from the gravitational pull, will be back. In other words, there is an event collection or space �� the time zone, or anything that is not possible to escape from the area and arrive at the distance of the observer. This area is called the black hole, the border is called the event horizon, and just cannot escape from the black hole of the light path coincides. Compared with other celestial bodies, the black hole is so special. People cannot be directly observed it, physicists can only on its internal structure proposed various guess. The black hole of her hidden because the space is curved. According to general relativity, the space will be subjected to bending gravitational field. At this time, although still along any minimum distance between two points, but relatively speaking it is bent. After a great density of celestial bodies, the space is curved. Light also deviated from its original orientation. On Earth, due to the gravitational field is very small, space-bending is negligible. Around the black hole, space this deformation is very large. In this way, even if black holes are blocking up of Star light, although some will fall into a black hole in disappeared, another part of the light will pass the bending of space around the black hole which reach the Earth. Observation of the starry sky on the back of the black hole, just like black holes do not exist, this is a black hole are renowned for. More interesting is that some stars not only toward the Earth's solar energy directly reach the Earth, it faces other direction launches light may also be near a black hole's gravitational refraction and be strong reach the Earth. So we not only can you see the star of the "face", also see that it's "side", or "back". Accretion black hole is usually because they gather around the gas generation radiation was found, this process is called accretion. High temperature gas radiant heat energy efficiency will seriously affect the accretion flow geometry and dynamics. Currently observed radiation efficiency higher thin black hole la stretch , tear crack and Thom macrophage constant star spare and radiation efficiency low thick disk. When accretion gas near the central black hole, they produce the radiation on the black hole of rotation as well asVision of existence is extremely sensitive. Luminosity of a black hole of accretion and spectra of analysis for rotating black hole and vision of existence provides strong evidence. Numerical simulation of a black hole accretion also displays frequent relativistic jets are also part of the black hole of rotation of the drive. Astrophysics household "accretion" this word to describe the material to the central attraction is the central body or the extension of the material flow system. Accretion is most common in Astrophysics of one of the process, but also precisely because it has formed the accretion of our surrounding many of the common structure. In the early universe, when gas towards the dark matter caused by gravitational potential well Center flow forming galaxies. Even today, stars still consists of gas clouds in its own gravitational collapse under the effect of fragmentation, and thus through accretion surrounding gas. Planets (including Earth) in the newly formed stars around through the accumulation of gases and rock. But when the central body is a black hole, accretion will show its most spectacular side. However, black holes and what is not absorbed, it also to circulate Proton outside. The density of a black hole evaporation due to the great, according to the formula we can know density = mass/volume , in order to black hole spray shot from not broken variable lit let black hole density infinity, it shows the volume of black holes, and then to infinitesimal to the infinite quality to become a black hole. Black hole is a star "doom" after the death star, he's great quality, size is very small. But the black hole also perish, because of the infinite black hole, but there will always be attracted to the protons to escape the shackles of a black hole, so that the tip of the day, the black hole slowly vaporized at the end of the day becomes a white dwarf, or explosion, it explodes the shock wave is enough to make the Earth destroy 10 ^ 18 trillion more than once. Scientists often use telescope to watch the screen black hole explosion. Its explosive dust is formed by the formation of stars in the necessary material. Destruction of a black hole emits dazzling light, the volume will decrease or even explosion. When the United Kingdom physicist Stephen Hawking difen �� family history 1974 do this prophecy, the entire scientific community to vibration. Stephen Hawking's theory is dominated by the inspiration of leap he combines general relativity and quantum theory. He found that the black hole's gravitational field around release energy, while consumption of energy and mass black hole. Suppose that a particle will at any time, any place is created, the creation of particles is positive particles and anti particles, but if this creation process occurs near the black hole would have two cases: two particle annihilation, a particle is inhalation of black holes. "A particle is inhalation of black holes," the situation: in the black hole near the creation of a pair of particles, one of the particles are black holes, which are inhaled particles will escape, barren because of the energy cannot be created, we set antiparticle carry negative energy, the energy the particle carrying forward and reverse the process of all movement of particles can be seen as a positive particles to the opposite movement, such as a black hole can be inhaled particles as an escape from black holes are particles. This situation is a carry from the black hole to the positive energy that particle escape a black hole total less energy, while Einstein's formula E = mc ^ 2 indicate that energy loss causes quality loss. When the quality of black holes and more hours, it's high temperature will become more and more. Then, when the black hole loses quality, its temperature and emissivity increased its quality loss faster. This kind of "Hawking radiation" on most of the black hole is negligible, because the big black hole radiation of slow, while the small black holes are at very high speed of radiation energy, until the explosion of black holes. Classification according to compositions by composition, black holes can be divided into two categories. A black hole is dark energy, the second is the physics of black holes. Dark energy black dark energy black hole is mainly composed of high-speed rotating huge dark energy, it was no great quality. Huge dark energy at near light speed, its internally generated enormous negative pressure enough to devour objects to form black holes. Dark energy black hole is the foundation of galaxy formation is also the formation of clusters, and galaxies. Black hole physics black hole physics by one or more of a celestial body collapses formation, with great quality. When a physical quality of a black hole is equal to or greater than the quality of a Galaxy, we call it the black hole singularity. Dark energy is a big black hole size, you can have as much of the solar system. It's black hole than dark energy is very small in terms of volume, it can even be reduced to a critical point. According to the physical properties of partition according to the physical characteristics of the black hole itself, angular momentum, charge, can be a black hole is divided into four categories. Non-rotating black hole without charge its space-time structure in 1916 by Schwarze West finds that Shi schwarzchild. Non-rotating live black hole called R-N black hole. Spatio-temporal structure in 1916-1918 by Reisner (Reissner) and NA from Dun (Nordstrom) find out. Rotating uncharged black hole called Kerr black hole. Spatio-temporal structure by Kerr seek out in 1963. General black hole called Kerr-Newman black hole. Spatio-temporal structure in 1965 by Newman find out. Binary black holes and other stars forming a double black physics explorations in 1928, a India graduate �� Sarah Mani Ann �� Chandrasekhar card �� by boat to the United Kingdom Cambridge with United Kingdom astronomer Arthur. love Paddington Jazz (a general theory of relativity). Chandrasekhar card is aware that the exclusion principle can deliver chili has a limit. Stars of the particle's maximum speed difference is relativistic limit the speed of light. This means that the stars become sufficiently compact, caused by the exclusion principle of repulsion than gravity effects. Chandrasekhar card calculated; one of approximately one and a half times the solar quality cold stars cannot support itself to resist its attraction. (The quality is now called the Chandrasekhar limit of the card. ) In the former Soviet scientist Lev �� Davidovic �� Landau almost at the same time also found a similar conclusion. This massive stars in the final resting place of great significance. If a star quality than Chandrasekhar card limit small, it will stop the shrinkage and finally become a halfDiameter for thousands of miles and density per cubic inch of several hundred tons of "white dwarfs". White dwarfs are its material in between the exclusion principle excluded and is supported by the force. We observed that a large number of white dwarfs. The first is observed around the night sky in the brightest stars �� SIRIUS one rotation. Landau, stars there another possible final State. Their ultimate quality about it as a solar mass times or times, but its volume even higher than that of white dwarfs are much smaller. These stars are neutrons and protons, and not an incompatibility between the principle of exclusion of the support. So they called a neutron star. Their radius of only 10 miles or so, density per cubic inch of millions of tons. In neutron star was first predicted, and there is no way to watch it. In fact, long after they are observed. On the other hand, quality than Chandrasekhar card limit bigger stars in drain the fuel, a very big problem: under certain circumstances, they explode or throw enough material to make your own quality reduced to limit, in order to avoid catastrophic gravitational collapse. But it's hard to believe that, no matter how big the star, this will always happen. Love Paddington is shocked, he refused to believe the Chandrasekhar card results. Love Waddington's view, a star is not likely to collapse into one. This is the most scientists views: Einstein himself wrote a treatise, announces stellar volume don't shrink to zero. Other scientists, especially his former teacher, Stellar structure of the main authority �� �� love Waddington's hostility to Chandra Seca abandoned the work in this area, go to study such as stars and other Astronomical mission movement. However, he won the Nobel Prize in 1983, at least in part because he was doing on the cold stars quality limit. Chandrasekhar card pointed out that the exclusion principle cannot prevent quality is greater than the Chandrasekhar limit of stellar place cards collapses. However, according to general relativity, the stars and what happens? this is a United States person �� Robert Oppenheimer in 1939 for the first time. However, the results show that the telescope to observe will no longer have any results. Later, as a result of the second world war, disturbance, Oppenheimer very close involvement in the atomic bomb project. After the war, as most scientists are attracted to atomic and nuclear physics to scale, so the gravitational collapse of the problem is most people forget. In 1967, a graduate of Cambridge Joseph Lam �� Bell discovered sky emits radio waves regular pulse black hole objects, the existence of black holes prophecy brought further encouragement. At first the Bell and her mentor Anthony �� Hervey Hsu thought, they may and our galaxy of extraterrestrial civilizations had contacts! I really remember announced their discovery of the seminar, they will be the four oldest discovered sources called LGM1-4, LGM "green man" ("LittleGreenMan"). However, eventually they and all other people are not very romantic, these are called pulsars objects, in fact is a rotating neutron star, these neutron stars as the black hole of this concept has just been made, there are two optical theory: Newton in favour of the particles of light; the other is a light wave said. We now know, the fact that both are correct. Because the quantum mechanics of wave-particle duality, the light can be considered as wave, can also be considered a particle. Fluctuations in the light of that, it's not clear how the light on the gravity of the response. But if the light is composed of particles, people can be expected, they just like bombs, rockets and the planet that is affected by gravity. At first people thought, optical particle unlimited quickly move, gravitation is not possible to slow down, but luomai light speed limited to illustrate gravity may have important effects. In 1983, Cambridge Proctor John �� Michel in this assumption, on the basis of the London Royal Society philosophy journals published an article. He pointed out that a quality large enough and sufficiently compact stars will have such a strong gravitational field that even light cannot escape �� any from stellar light, reached a distance would be the star of gravitational attraction. Michel hinted that there may be a large number of such stars, although they will be given from where light does not reach us and that we cannot see them, but we can still feel their gravitational attraction. This is now called the black hole of objects. In fact, because the speed is fixed, so, in Newton's gravity on similar shells in the light as it is not coordinated. (From the ground-launched into space due to the gravity and speed reducer shells, last stop up and back ground; however, a photo must be in constant speed continue upward, Newton's gravitational influence for how light?) until 1915, Einstein theory of relativity, there has been no impact on the gravity of the coordination of theory. Even after a long time, this theory on the implications of massive stars are understood. Observation of a stellar collapse and form black holes, because there is no absolute time in relativity, so each observer has its own time measuring. Due to the gravitational field of stars, stars on someone's time and at a distance of one's time. Assuming that collapse star surface has a fearless astronauts and stellar collapse inwards together, according to his table, every second to send a signal to a rotation around the star of the space shuttle. At his table at some point, such as the 11 o'clock, stars just shrink to its critical RADIUS, the gravitational field strength that nothing can escape out his signals can no longer pass through to the space shuttle. When 11 point arrived, he was in the space shuttle Discovery of partners, astronauts from a bunch of signal interval is getting longer. But this effect in 10 points: 59 seconds before is very small. Receive 10 points 59 minutes 58 seconds and 10 point: 59 seconds between two signals, they just need to wait a little longer than a second point of time, but they must be an 11 point signals to wait an infinite amount of time. In accordance with the astronauts watch, light wave is in 10Point 59 minutes 59 seconds and 11 points issued by stellar; from the space shuttle, the light is scattered into an infinite interval. In the space shuttle to receive this a bunch on the Lightwave intervals become longer and longer, so the star to light red, more and more, finally, the stars become so blurred that from the space shuttle, and then see it, the rest is just a black hole in space. However, the stars to continue with the same gravitational effects to space spacecraft spaceship continue on, around the black hole spinning. Black hole Thom macrophage in child star but due to the following questions so that the above scenario is not entirely realistic. Leave the farther you pull, the more stars, so the role in the fearless astronauts feet of gravity than role to his head. The stars have yet to shrink to critical RADIUS and formation event horizon, this forces the difference has to be astronauts la into Italy of noodles, or even tearing him!, however, in the universe exists much greater mass of celestial bodies, such as the center of the Galaxy, they suffer from gravitational collapse and produce a black hole; a bit in the object above the astronauts in the black hole formation before will not be torn. In fact, when he reached the critical RADIUS does not have any strange feeling, even through never return to that time, did not notice that. However, as this region continue to collapse, as long as a few hours, the role of his head and feet of gravity difference becomes so large that they tear it. �� Roger Penrose in 1965 and 1970 between the study pointed out that, under the general theory of relativity, inherent in the black hole of infinite density and space �� the curvature of the singular point of time. The beginning of time and the big bang is similar, except that it is a collapse objects and astronaut time end point. At this critical point, scientific laws and predicted future capabilities are disabled. However, any stay in the black hole outside observer, will not be affected by the impact of foreseeability fail, because starting from singular point of whether light or any other signal can reach. This amazing facts led to Roger Penrose made the universe �� supervise guessing, it can be translated as: "God hate naked singularity. "In other words, by the gravitational collapse of singularities can only occur in a place like a black hole, where it is the event horizon obscured with dignity and not be seen from the outside world. Strictly speaking, this is the so-called weak supervision of cosmic speculation: it allows to stay in the black hole outside observer from occurring in the point of impact of foreseeability fail, but it was unfortunately fall into the black hole of poor astronauts are losing out. General Relativity equations exist some solutions, these solution makes our astronauts might see naked singularity. He may be able to avoid bumping into a singularity, but through a "worm hole" to another region of the universe. It seems that this space �� the time of travel offers enormous possibilities. But unfortunately, all these solutions seem to be very unstable; minimum of interference, for example, the existence of an astronaut will make the change that he hasn't been able to see this singular point, hit go and put an end to his time. In other words, the singularity is always occur in the future, but he is never in the past. Strong supervisory guess is that the universe, in a realistic solution, the singularity is always or entire exist in the future (such as the gravitational collapse of a singularity), or the entire exist in the past (such as the big bang). Because in nearly naked Singularity Department may travel to the past, so the universe supervision-guess some form of establishment is very promising. Event horizon, which is the space-time is an escape from the area of borders, as around the black hole of one-way film: objects, such as imprudent astronauts, through the event horizon falls into a black hole, but nothing can escape through the event horizon and the black hole. (Remember the event horizon is an attempt to escape from the black hole of light space �� the time track, nothing can be better than light moving faster. There can be a poet), Dante for the Hellmouth said just right for the event horizon: "from here to go to abandon all hope. "Anything or anyone once inside the event horizon, will soon reach the infinite dense area and time of the end point. General Relativity predicted that the movement of heavy loads can cause Gravitational radiation, that is to the speed of light propagation in space �� the time ripples of curvature. Gravitational waves and electromagnetic waves wave is similar, but to detect it is much more difficult. Just like light, it took to launch their body's energy. Because any movement of energy are gravitational wave radiation away, so it can be expected that a large mass of the system will tend to an unchanging State. (This and throw Cork into the water situation is quite similar, first turn on the next toss a good for a while, but when the ripples of energy it took to make it eventually calm down. ) For example, revolves around the Sun the Earth that is producing gravitational waves. Its energy loss of effect will change the Earth's orbit, so that it gradually becomes more and more close to the Sun, and finally hit the Sun, in this way to the ultimate unchanging State. In the Earth and the Sun of energy loss is very small �C only about a small electric heater ignited, this means that you want to use approximately one hundred billion billion billion years Earth would collide with the Sun, it is not necessary to immediately go to worry! Earth orbit change process is extremely slow, and that it was observing. But a few years ago called PSR1913 + 16 (PSR said "pulsar", a special launch out radio waves regular pulse neutron stars) system to this effect. This system contains two around the movement of neutron stars, due to the gravitational-wave radiation, their energy loss, so as to achieve mutual to spiral orbit near. In the star's gravity collapses to form black holes, the games much quicker, so the rate at which energy is taken away to much higher. So not too long will reach the unchanged state. People will think it will depend on the formation of a black hole of stellar all complex features �� not only its quality and rotation speed, and the stars of the different parts of different density and star gas complex movement. If black hole formation as it collapses' Original objects so varied, in General, to make any predictions will be very difficult. However, Canada scientists outside Nigeria �� Israel in 1967, the black hole research undergone radical changes. He pointed out that, under the general theory of relativity, non-rotating black hole must be very simple, the perfect spherical shape; its size is only dependent on the quality of, and any two such a black hole with the mass must be equivalent. In fact, they can use a particular solution to Einstein's description, this solution is in general relativity found near 1917 Karl �� Shi Nawaz Schild found. First, many people (including Israel own) considers that since the black hole must be a perfect sphere, a black hole can be used only by a perfect spherical body collapses. Therefore, no actual star has never been perfect spherical will collapse to form a naked singularity. However, for Israel's result, certain people, especially Roger Penrose and John �� �� Wheeler advocate a different explanation. They argued that involves the star collapses in fast motion that its release of gravitational waves make it more and more near-spherical, it finally static, they become accurate ball. According to this view, any non-rotating star, regardless of its shape and internal structure of how complex, after the gravitational collapse will end with a perfect spherical black hole, it only depends on its quality. This view has been further calculation support, and was soon accepted by. Israel only dealt with by the non-rotating bodies formed black hole. In 1963, the New Zealand people Roy �� Kerr found general relativity equations describe a family of rotating black hole. These "Kerr" black hole to constant speed of rotation, its size and shape only depends on their quality and rotation speed. If the rotation is zero, black holes are the perfect spherical, this solution and Nawaz Schild solutions. If you have a rotating black hole near the equator of the drum out (as the Earth or the Sun due to rotating drum out), and rotate faster then the drum, the more. Thus people guess, such as Israel's results to include rotating body, then any rotating object collapses to form black holes, the last ending to the Kerr solution description of a static. Black holes are extremely rare in the history of science on the circumstances, in the absence of any evidence to prove his theory is correct, as the mathematical model is developed to a very detailed level. Indeed, this is often the main argument against the black hole: How can you believe a based only on suspicion of general relativity in the calculation of object?, however, in 1963, California's Paro Martha Observatory astronomers Martin �� Schmidt, measured in called 3C273 (that is, the Cambridge radio sources catalogued third class 273) a radio sources direction Dim the redshift quasars. He found that the gravitational field is not likely to cause such a large redshift �� if it is the gravitational redshift quasars must have so much quality and from the Earth is so close that they interfere with the planets orbit in the solar system. This implies that the red shift is caused by the expansion of the universe, which indicates that this object is very far from the Earth. Because in the long distance can be observed, it must be very light, also is to have a large amount of energy radiated. People would have thought that produces such a large amount of energy the only mechanism seems to be more than just a star, but a galaxy of the Centre region of gravitational collapse. It was also found many other quasars, they all have a large redshift. But they are too far away from Earth, so the observation too difficult, so you cannot edit this section of Germany in the laboratory to create black holes at the Max Planck Institute for plasma Germany nuclear physics and Helmholtz GmbH Berlin Center researchers use Berlin synchrotron (B E S S Y ��) in the laboratory successfully produced a black hole around the plasma. Through this study, only in the space before the satellite Executive of astronomical physics experiment, can also be carried out in the ground, many astronomical physics puzzle will be solved. Black hole gravity, will absorb all substances. Into the black hole, nothing may be within the bounds of the from black holes to escape. As is the temperature of a body of inhaling rising, will have nuclear and electronic separation of high-temperature plasma. Black hole adsorption material produces x-ray, x-ray, which in turn will stimulate the large amounts of chemical element emits a unique strokes (colors) of X rays. Analysis of these lines can help scientists learn more about black holes near the plasma density, speed, and composition, and other information. In this process, the rail had a key role. Although iron in the universe of stocks as lighter hydrogen and helium-rich, however, it is better able to absorb and emit x-ray, emits photons therefore also lighter than other Atomic emission of photons with higher energy, shorter wavelength (makes it a different color). Iron emits x-rays in through a black hole around the media will be absorbed. In the so-called optical ionized iron atoms in the process, typically go through several ionization, contain 26 e-more than half will be removed, the resulting charged ions, charged ions gathered into a plasma. But now, researchers in the laboratory to reproduce this process. The core of the experiment is the Max Planck Institute for nuclear physics, design of electron beam ion trap. In the ion trap, iron atoms through a bunch of intense electron beam heating to be ionized 14 times. Experimental procedure is as follows: a ball of iron ions (only a few centimeters long and as thin as a hair) in magnetic fields and electric field effect is hovering over an ultra-high vacuum, synchrotron emission of x-ray photon energy is one of ultra high accuracy "monochromator" singled out as a bunch of very thin but focused beams applied to iron ions. Laboratory measurements of spectral lines and the Chandra x-ray Observatory and Newton x-ray multi mirror telescope the observation results match. In other words, researchers in lab artificially create a black hole in space plasmas. This new method will be charged ion-ion trap and synchrotron radiation source, so that people can better understand how a black hole around the plasma or active galactic nuclei. Researchers in GreekLook, the EBIT by check and clarity of the third generation (2009 in Germany Hamburg run of synchrotron radiation P E T R A ��), fourth generation (x-ray free-electron Laser XFEL) x-ray source, will be able to give this research area will bring more fresh vitality. Chinese scientists create world's first "artificial black hole in the universe, black holes eating everything, and even light. It has the name of "black holes", although the size of the "mini", but any electromagnetic or optical, can escape from it. 15 October, Science magazine announced the world's first "artificial black hole" in the University Lab in southeastern China. However, this small "black hole" not only does not destroy the world, can help people to better absorb solar energy. In the universe, black holes eating everything, and even light. People will be happy to discuss this celestial body, because it is mysterious, "temperament" weird: it is in the local universe's dark, no one can directly observed it, and close to any of its material, will be mercilessly towed to its depths, asteroids, Stardust, Lightwave, time, no exceptions. The black hole of this celestial curious, but never want to have any black hole close to ourselves, or our planet. But now there are some scientists in their laboratories to produce a "black hole", a "mini" black hole. On 15 October in science magazine in the introduction to this "artificial black hole," suggested that people can get this kind of "black holes" into his coat pocket. Create a "black hole" is manufactured in Southeast China a research group at the University, professor Cui tiejun and Cheng, Professor is the most important of the two researchers. "In fact, we do black holes not in the strict sense of the black hole. "The acceptance of the Bund pictorial" interview, Professor Cheng told reporters. The laboratory of "artificial black hole", the purpose of course is not to be a "demon devouring everything" install Pocket. According to Cheng Qiang explains that now exist in the countries of Southeast University Laboratory of millimeter wave "artificial black hole", is in fact an analog device, this simulator at present can absorb the microwave band of the electromagnetic wave, in the future, it also can absorb light. But beyond that, it does not absorb any substantial things. "It only electromagnetic wave absorption, does not absorb energy. "Strong Cheng told reporters. Cui tiejun (left), Cheng Qiang "artificial black hole for experimental apparatus (Southeast University information figure Plexus � perturbation) this is a non-dangerous" black hole ", not only that, the device can also be used to collect solar energy in the future. In this context, the "artificial black hole than any one of the world solar panels are more efficient. Some physics enthusiasts even as this brand new design with some new features, such as it equipment in the spacecraft solar sails, or used to absorb the bulk of electromagnetic waves in the air �� because cell phones and wireless networks, this invisible electromagnetic wave is said to violate our health, becoming a new kind of pollution. However, creating "black hole" of the researchers never want so much, now Cui tiejun and Cheng Qiang is continuing, is how to put the equipment in the laboratory into prototype, "implementation of engineering". In the face of a black hole of "man-made" all kinds of arguments, Cheng strong believes that "the results published, be reproduced many international media and comments, and indeed beyond our expectation. From our personal point of view, the only think that this is a more meaningful work. The lab's "black hole" and "I am very surprised, Cui and Cheng so soon made the ' artificial black hole '!" after seeing the results of the research, Karima Novi said. -Radix �� na Karima Novi (Evgenii Narimanov) is a United States Indiana West Lafayette, Purdue University Professor of a. Early this year, he and partner Alexander �� kilday evsevi (Alexander Kildishev), published papers, presented a manufacturing small theoretical "black hole" and design. Their idea is through simulation of some properties of a black hole, so that in the "artificial black hole" of radioactive substances in the vicinity there are attracted, then screw into the "black hole" in the Center. "We have been inspired by his thesis, research itself is our independence. "Strong Cheng told reporters. Is so fast to become a reality, because their laboratory has also been engaged in research in this field, in both theory and experiments have accumulated many years of experience and experiments are also used to a lot of their own original ideas. But although the name of "black holes", they are receiving Karima Novi inspired by works of the "black hole", and really exists in the universe is different from the black hole, this difference is not reflected in the quality of size. Two principles of the "black hole" is not the same. The universe of a black hole can devour all, because of its quality, and the lab's "black hole", in fact, according to the light waves in sucked into a black hole of the nature of the universe, the simulated instrument, can make the light waves close to contortion produced similar and are attracted. That is, two "black hole" you can let the light appeared near the "outcome" is similar, but the light is not the same thing. However the current Southeast University Lab's "black hole" is only applicable to certain microwave frequency, for example, people often use the frequency of communication, such as GSM, CDMA, Bluetooth, etc., attractive optical waveguide requires further study, because the frequency the shorter wavelength, you need to design the "artificial black hole" size is smaller. Super absorbing device such a "artificial black hole", in the future can be used to generate electricity. "When electromagnetic waves encounter this instrument, you will immediately be captured, and immediately be introduced to the instrument, has been sucked into the black hole Center. No electromagnetic waves can escape a black hole. "Cui tiejun to science United States person" magazine describes the "artificial black hole," said. In their instrument, by inhalation of electromagnetic waves in a central location into heat energy. According to the magazine "Science", "artificial black hole" is a diameter 22 cm. It has 60 coaxial ring, outer ring centred by 40. Through the special design,Research Group of the concentric rings of from outside to inside the dielectric constant of continuous change, and different dielectric constant, you can let the wave direction change occurred. Journey to the apparatus described as "a super absorbing device". Can such a legend, a "black hole" as the artificial one suction powerful "vacuum cleaner", as long as it is there that those with electromagnetic waves or wave will continue to be its revenue in the bag, without any other external conditions. To get the energy that such a super absorbing devices like opening an invisible but content rich "treasures", which is used to absorb solar energy, not only in any weather, or even be put into the darkness of the universe, it can also be collected to the same amount of electromagnetic or optical waveguides and converted to heat energy. Cui tiejun, born in September 1965. 1987, 1989 and 1993 respectively, master of science in Xidian University and received a doctorate degree after staying in school is engaged in teaching and research. In November 1993, by breaking the promoted to associate professor. Between 1995 and 1997, University of Karlsruhe in Germany as a Humboldt research scholars to cooperate. Between 1997 and 1999, in the United States for post-doctoral research. In October 2001 was hired as the radio engineering, Southeast University, Professor, and Ministry of education "Professor Changjiang scholar". Now the Southeast University state key Lab of millimeter waves, Deputy Director, Southeast University target characteristics and recognition of the Institute. Cheng, born October 1979. 1997 Conservatorio and Astronautics Department of electronic engineering at the UA. 2004 admitted to the Southeast University School of information science and engineering fields and microwave technology professional doctorate, tutored by Prof. CUI tiejun. Dr. June 2008 graduate staying in school, and a half years after breaking as a result of a scientific research achievements in advance to enjoy professorships. Edit this section of the young black 2010-November 16, 1: 30 a.m., NASA announced that scientists through NASA Chandra x-ray telescope in 50 million light years from Earth found only at 30 years of the birth of a black hole. Leadership of the United States Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics �� Daniel �� patnode (DanielPatnaude) said: "if our explanation is correct, this would be so far observed from the Earth's recent new black hole!" this latest discovery, only 30-year-old baby black hole is a supernova SN1979C wreck material, the supernova in Galaxy M100, approximately 50 million light years away from Earth. Based on 1995-2007-observation data, scientists infer this young black hole growth was a supernova SN1979C or a double star system provides the "composition". Supernova SN 1979C first observation is that in 1979, is an amateur astronomer, discovered. Scientists think SN1979C is a quality is Sun 20 times after the formation of stellar collapse. Before in the distant universe regional new black hole was found in gamma ray bursts (GRBs) discovered, however, this is very different from SN1979C because it is very close to the Earth, belonging to the supernova type, not S N 1 9 7 9 C bit reset [1] possible and gamma. Scientists predict based on the theory of the universe exists more of a black hole, they formed in stellar kernel crash, do not produce gamma. The baby black hole of 30-year-old age and recent research. In 2005, a research report shows, the bright Supernova SN1979C light energy from a black hole of the Jet stream, the black-hole jet stream cannot penetrate the star formation of hydrogen parcel gamma. The study findings and observations of SN1979C sough. No hair theorem in 1972, Princeton University youth raised by Bacon Stan postgraduates "black hole" hairless theorem: stellar collapse into a black hole, only quality, angular momentum, charge three fundamental conserved quantities continue to function. All other factors ("hair") after the entry into a black hole. This theorem later Hawkins, four by strict proof. Edit this paragraph wormhole scientists think that black holes may be a gateway to other cosmic wormhole. If this theory is correct , insect hole will help explain such as black hole information paradox, quantum challenges, but critics say this may create new problems, such as worm hole is formed, and so on. From France Paris higher scientific research Institute (Institut desHautes Etudes Scientifiques) physicist (Thibault Damour) and from Germany Bremen International University physicist (SergeySolodukhin) presented a new view that these so-called black hole is actually the wormhole. Wormhole is a spatio-temporal structure in two different places of the bent channel. If the universe imagined as a two-dimensional paper, wormhole is attached to this paper and other pieces of small channel. The worm hole even to an own stars, galaxies, etc. of another universe. Caused by space distortion of the ball in a three-dimensional world example is the black hole. Black holes in fact exist in a four-dimensional space, or a black hole is connected three-dimensional world and the corridor four-dimensional space. Possible through the black hole of in-depth research to find ways of overcoming the four-dimensional space, in that case, Cevap jump flight is no longer a dream. Edit this section of the white hole scientists propose ideas, since there are black holes in the universe, then we have "white cave". Black holes can be powerful suction put everything sucks, and the white hole can take these things out. The scientists assume that black and white hole is joined, the black hole of substances absorbed, the material inside a thing called a singular point, then the material arrives "tube white holeIts scope "would be" spit "white hole. And then the material arrives another universe (parallel universe arrives baby universe). Edit this paragraph huge black hole of the so-called "big black" means the mass of which exceeds 100 million times the Sun's black hole. If there is a huge black hole, it will be around substances like planetary rotation around the Sun, follow the "Kepler's laws of planetary motion 3," Hubble space telescope in NGC4261, Virgo, Virgo galaxies M84 M87 galaxies and Galaxy Center finds a high-speed rotating gas. According to Kepler's rotation speed, the gas should be the quality of their surrounding objects directly proportional to the square root, and the turning radius is inversely proportional to the square root. If you are able to determine the rotation speed and RADIUS, you can find out which celestial bodies of quality, NGC4261 turning radius is less than 300 light-years, quality about the solar mass; 20 billion times the radius of rotation of galaxies M84 30 light years, quality of about 3 billion solar masses of black hole Thom macrophage in child star times; M87 galaxies rotate within a radius of 15 light years, quality of about 30 billion solar masses. 10 billion times the Sun's mass black hole radius of approximately 10 astronomical units, 1 thousandth of a light year. Therefore, the Hubble Space Telescope observations and black hole RADIUS comparison, yet grasp the outside of a black hole. In 1995, the United States about the Smithsonian scientists and an observatory to use very long baseline radio Interferometer group of galaxies observed hound NGC4258 Center area, found only in the center of the Galaxy NGC4258 0.3 light-years of the region, there is the solar quality 36 million times the the quality of, and access to the so far most accurate rotation speed. From here, the Galactic Centre there is a huge black hole may be almost instantly would have a possibility. The same year, the scientists had to confirm the huge black hole has a decisive evidence of the observations, is through Japan's x-ray astronomy satellite observations, observations of objects is known as the "MCG-6-30-15" an active galaxies. Observations indicate that, from the Galactic center x-ray happened "gravitational redshift," this is a black hole could not explain. The so-called "gravitational red shift" is in a strong gravitational field, time seems to slow down of available to explain the phenomenon of general relativity, the phenomenon of optical wavelength variable length. This phenomenon is confirmed its meaning is equivalent to directly observed a black hole. Scientists from this huge black hole has been strong evidence exists, any Galaxy there is a huge black hole. Edit this section fall into the black hole of a stellar collapse and form black holes, as in the theory of relativity in when there is no absolute into into black hole , so each observer has its own time measuring. Due to the gravitational field of stars, stars on someone's time and at a distance of one's time. Assuming that collapse star surface has a fearless astronauts and stellar collapse inwards together, according to his table, every second to send a signal to a rotation around the star of the space shuttle. At his table at some point, such as the 11 o'clock, stars just shrink to its critical RADIUS, the gravitational field strength that nothing can escape out his signals can no longer pass through to the space shuttle. When 11 point arrived, he was in the space shuttle Discovery of partners, astronauts from a bunch of signal interval is getting longer. But this effect in 10 points: 59 seconds before is very small. Receive 10 points 59 minutes 58 seconds and 10 point: 59 seconds between two signals, they just need to wait a little longer than a second point of time, but they must be an 11 point signals to wait an infinite amount of time. In accordance with the astronauts watch, light wave is at 10: 59 minutes 59 seconds and 11 points issued by stellar; from the space shuttle, the light is scattered into an infinite interval. In the space shuttle to receive this a bunch on the Lightwave intervals become longer and longer, so the star to light red, more and more, finally, the stars become so blurred that from the space shuttle, and then see it, the rest is just a black hole in space. However, the stars to continue with the same gravitational effects to space spacecraft spaceship continue on, around the black hole spinning. However, due to the following questions so that the above scenario is not entirely realistic. Leave the farther you pull, the more stars, so the role in the fearless astronauts feet of gravity than role to his head. The stars have yet to shrink to critical RADIUS and formation event horizon, this forces the difference has to be astronauts la into Italy of noodles, or even tearing him!, however, in the universe exists much greater mass of celestial bodies, such as the center of the Galaxy, they suffer from gravitational collapse and produce a black hole; a bit in the object above the astronauts in the black hole formation before will not be torn. In fact, when he reached the critical RADIUS does not have any strange feeling, even through never return to that time, did not notice that. However, as this region continue to collapse, as long as a few hours, the role of his head and feet of gravity difference becomes so large that they tear it. Edit this section of the black hole of the bomb in January 2001, the United Kingdom the famous St. Andrew's University scientists Ulf theoretical physics �� Leon Hart announced that he and other researchers in the United Kingdom in the lab to create a black hole, then no one is surprised. However Russian Pravda recently disclosed Russia scientists predictions: black holes not only manufactured in the lab, and 50 years later, the great energy of "black bomb" If will make black hole fried flares structure want to figure nowadays mankind with dread "bomb" to shame. The idea of artificial black hole by Professor William �� Unruh, he believed that sound waves in a fluid and light in black holes are very similar in performance,If you make the fluid faster than Sonic, then in fact already in the fluid in the establishment of an artificial black hole. But Dr. Leon Hart intends to manufacture of artificial black hole because of the lack of sufficient gravity, in addition to the light, not like a real black hole "swallow everything around." Russia scientist Alec Grand �� Troy Murphy Mengke believes that can devour everything truly cosmic black holes are fully accessible through laboratory "manufactured": a nucleus size black hole, it's energy will be more than a nuclear plant. If the human race someday really create a black hole of the bomb, then a black hole of the bomb of energy, will be equivalent to numerous bomb exploded at the same time, it can result in at least 10 million people died. "Edit this section of the black hole five" most "minimal black hole minimal black hole is only 3.8 times solar quality, its diameter is 24 km, only New York Manhattan island. Although this is called "XTEJ1650-500" black hole is small things, but it can be devastating "engine". It and other black holes, to steal from the companion stars, so that your own temperature gases, XTEJ1650-500 black hole based on quality, it releases the x-ray intensity cyclical changes. Astronomers by observing this tiny change, to measure the quality of this black hole. Maximum of black holes so far discovered universe maximum mass black holes of the quality is 18 billion times the Sun, the previous record holder for 6 times its mass equivalent of a small Galaxy. In this Giants lurking in OJ287 quasars that Astral 35 billion light years away from Earth. In 2008, astronomers by observing a small black hole (the black hole of quality equivalent to 1 billion times the Sun) orbit is the giant black hole's gravitational field, thereby measuring the quality of this super black hole. Most young black hole scientists newly discovered the 31-year-old "baby black hole" is a supernova SN1979C wreck material, the supernova in Galaxy M100, approximately 50 million light years away from Earth. Based on 1995-2007-observation data, scientists infer this young black hole growth was a supernova SN1979C or a double star system provides the "composition". Leadership of the United States, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics of Daniel-patnode (DanielPatnaude) said: "if our explanation is correct, this would be so far observed from the Earth's recent new black hole!" Supernova SN1979C first observation is that in 1979, is an amateur astronomer, discovered. Scientists think SN1979C formed in a quality is Sun 20 times in the course of stellar collapse. Before in the distant universe regional new black hole was found in gamma ray bursts (GRBs) discovered, however, this is very different from SN1979C because it is very close to the Earth, belonging to the supernova type, it is not possible and gamma. Scientists predict based on the theory of the universe exists more of a black hole, they formed in stellar kernel crash, do not produce gamma. United States, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics of Abraham-turnip (AbrahamLoeb) one of the co-authors of the study, he said: "perhaps this is the first universal observation found a black hole, but it is very different, since more than ten years of x-ray observations confirmed this is a newly born near black holes form. "The baby black hole of the 31-year-old age and recent research. In 2005, a research report shows Supernova SN1979C bright rays of energy from a black hole of the Jet stream, the black-hole jet stream cannot penetrate the star formation of hydrogen parcel gamma. The study findings and observations of SN1979C sough. The most recent black hole distance Earth nearest black hole approximately 24000 light years away, this black hole is V4641Sagitarii binary system members, it is slowly consumed its ordinary companion stars. In 1999, this black hole violently freed when unexpected x-rays reveal their location. At first, astronomers think the double star system only 1600 light years from the Earth, but in 2001, the subsequent observation, found its distance farther, is this a distance of 15 times. Rotate the fastest black hole black hole and not just in the space consumed gas, if formed black hole stars in fast rotation, the black hole will be continued. Compared to the rest of the black hole spinning black holes to better control the wrapping material around the universe. The fast rotating black hole called GRS1915 + 105, about 1000 times per second rotation. This is almost a black hole is spinning fast, the speed is fast rotating stars crash measuring of before. 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